An iraqi soldier watches the iranian abadan refinery burn during the iraniraq conflict. Six years later, little remains of the hopes that the west saw in the arab spring. Burns and plastic surgery institute creates hope for. That has accelerated in recent years as the iraq war and the arab spring uprisings upturned the regional order and gave both nations new ways to extend their reach. Saudi arabia cuts ties with iran amid fallout from cleric. Major saudi arabia oil facilities hit by houthi drone strikes.
Feb 26, 2015 in which john green teaches you about iran s revolutions. When you purchase this title, the accompanying pdf will be available in your audible library along with the audio. Jul 14, 2017 tibet, persecution, and marital shame. Iran s foreign policy line as of 1979, the shia factors in middle eastern countries, iran s influence on these factors, and tehrans attitudes and the movements in the face of the rebel movements in the arab world. The story of isis teaches the same basic lesson that emerged from americas other failures in the middle east over the last decade. This permit shall be revoked immediately if the holder fails to comply with the provisions listed below, at the discretion of the fire chief or his authorized representative, as per salt spring island fire protection open burning bylaw 125. The following is an account of the burning of persepolis in the history of the world, 17. Therefore, the primary goal of this article is to examine the saudi iranian rivalry through the national role conceptions that both countries projected during the events associated with the arab spring in bahrain and yemen.
Arab spring is a political concept that spread widely in the media and academic art publications. Iran was the aggressor in the arab spring of egypt, tunisia and bahrain, and iran was the defender in the arab spring of syria and oman. Map of iran with the type locality of trogloiranica tashanica n. Since october, protests in iraq and lebanon have reenergized the middle east region as hundreds of thousands of young people descend onto public squares, repeating 2011 arab spring slogans that call for regime downfall. Global fellow at the wilson center in washington, dc and professor of international relations, sabanci university. In 2011, the arab spring swept through the middle east with the prospect of change. The obama doctrine and arab spring the obama doctrine is a contentious topic in the scholarly world.
The isis crisis and the broken politics of the middle east. Then, the arab spring spread across the middle east and north africa. Arab league condemns iran for handing yemen embassy to houthis. The government made clear it would respond to any further dissent by any mercenary or misled person with an iron fist. The term arab winter refers to the events across arab league countries in the mideast and north africa, including the syrian civil war, the iraqi insurgency and the following civil war, the egyptian crisis, the. Ascendancy frustrated gulf research center regional politics is now more complicated, with crosscutting alliances and linkages and multiple issues, sectarian, territorial, and political. Immediately following the arab conquest of iran, zoroastrians were given dhimmi status a status that allowed, under the guise of special protection, all muslims to persecute, discriminate, harass, forcibly convert, abuse and kill zoroastrians for the least of reasons and in many cases for no reason at all, for many could be. Conditions under the arab caliphate dhimmi status and jizya tax. How one familys lust for power destroyed syria dagher, sam on. Middle east and north africa in turmoil antigovernment protests are spreading rapidly through the middle east and north africa. Eighteen days of mass protests forced hosni mubarak to.
This concept is used as an indication to a wide range of uprisings in the middle east and north africa mena region during the past two years. Muslim girl at july 4 th parade yellow ribbons as sign of support for hostages. The roots and causes of the 2011 arab uprisings kamal eldin osman salih abstract. Saudi arabia was the aggressor in the arab spring of syria and oman, and saudi arabia was the defender in the arab spring of tunisia, egypt and bahrain. Oct 11, 2012 the assads, like other authoritarian arab leaders, kept a lid on internal violence and their own citizens aspirations. The isis crisis and the broken politics of the middle east nader hashemi university of denver november, 2016 introduction when future historians of the middle east look back on the early 21st century, the rise of the islamic state in iraq and syria isis or the islamic state will be discussed as a key.
How isis spread in syria and iraqand how to stop it the. The purpose of the arab spring was to bring democracy, freedom and a better life for people. The arab spring has not been particularly proamerican or proeuropean, and discontent with foreign interventions in the muslim world may end up fueling resentment against the west. It began in response to oppressive regimes and a low standard of living, starting with protests in tunisia noueihed, 2011. Eighteen days of mass protests forced hosni mubarak to resign in february 2011, after three decades in power. The arab spring and the saudiled counterrevolution by mehran kamrava. This article examines the iranian ruling elites as well as oppositionist views of the arab spring, explaining why iran has not followed its arab counterparts in engaging a revolutionary and violent confrontation with the islamic republic regime. Arab spring intelligence failure holds warning for u. In iran, protestors burn part of the saudi embassy in tehran and storm the compound. All members of the arab league except for lebanon issue a statement condemning the attacks on the saudi embassy. Iranian influence in the levant, egypt, iraq, and afghanistan. The arab uprisings and international relations theory.
Saudi arabia and the arab spring ren rieger gulf research center context, the decisive factors are geographic proximity, the nature of the concerned states political system, and the quality of the particular regimes relations with the kingdom and iran. A good overview of six middle eastern states in the aftermath of the arab spring protests. The transition to democracy in the arab world was viewed as a significant opportunity for turkey to extend its political and economic influence. The missing states are notable libya, algeria, iran, syria, etc, but the profiles of political figures and public intellectuals provide a view of the middle east not seen in american media. The struggle for middle east democracy shadi hamid tuesday, april 26, 2011. The arab spring and its implications for turkey a briefing memo by sinan ulgen march 9, 2012 welcoming the arab spring an opportunity. This article addresses the approaches of turkey, iran, syria, and iraq in dealing with the kurdish issue, with a special focus on historical background. In this landmark book, hamid dabashi argues that the revolutionary uprisings that have engulfed multiple countries and political climes from morocco to iran and from syria to yemen, were driven by a delayed defiance a point of rebellion against domestic tyranny and. Modern names appear lightly veiled in nostradamus codes, but his astrological forecasts set this conflict clearly in our near future. As it revolutionizes the middle east, power changes hands in tunisia, libya and egypt. However, not many of the protesters demands were met. This pioneering explanation of the arab spring will define a new era of thinking about the middle east. Yet the proponents of such a view are split over which iran it is that serves as the inspiration for events in tunisia, egypt, libya, and elsewhere.
Dec 16, 20 egypt has witnessed the overthrow of two presidents since the start of the arab spring. Cnns zain verjee looks back on a year of people power, from the arab spring to economic protests gripping europe. While the arab spring is unlikely to result in meaningful changes in iran and iraqs relationships with the gcc, it has fostered two discernible trends in the larger arab world. Timely, propulsive, and expertly reported, assad or we burn the country is the definitive account of this global crisis, going far beyond the news story that has dominated headlines for years. In the stacks of fondren library, books on obama span an entire shelf. Modern sunnishia tensions council on foreign relations. The us found itself a bystander in the region during the arab spring, failing to. Saudi arabias motives in the syrian civil war middle east. Saudi arabia cuts ties with iran amid fallout from clerics. Middle east and north african mena region news, resources and funding for global health researchers a growing number of research and research training collaborations are being established between u. Every time the white helmets scramble toward the sound of bombs, those heroes of aleppo reassert the quality that will finally end the wara unifying national identity that has seemed lost to.
This 12story burn and plastic surgery institute is the largest hospital in the world of its kind. Thi s researc h articl e attempts to scrutinize the nature and cause s of the ara b uprising s which too k people by surpris e globall y throughou t 2011 and int o 2012. But while iraq and lebanon could offer great promise if protesters learn from past failures in the region, they could also prove to be bloodier if iran gets its way. Iran and the arab spring naysan rafati t he events of the arab spring, it has been argued, have their precursors in iran. When the arab spring began, iran had been on a winning streak in the middle east cold war. Turkish policymakers initially welcomed the arab spring. Sep 14, 2019 a military spokesman for yemens iranaligned houthi rebels claimed responsibility for the strikes, saying 10 drones had been deployed in the attack. After the alkibar bombing of 2007 when syria received no sympathy or support from the arab world, iran recognized the opportunity for becoming closer to the syrian government. The arab spring intelligence failure is a cautionary tale when approaching other issues requiring objective assessments, such as iran s intentions regarding. Instead, that spring has given way to a winter of economic stagnation and political violence that has plunged syria, libya and yemen into bloody civil war, has led to widespread unrest in egypt, iraq and bahrain, and threatens to destabilize arab governments from morocco to saudi arabia. Egypt has witnessed the overthrow of two presidents since the start of the arab spring. Use this chart to keep up with all of the demonstrations, day by day. The iraniraq war 10 facts about the deadliest conflict of.
Saudi arabia has played a singular role throughout the arab spring. But in syria, that movement turned into a bloody civil war with chaos and destruction. In parallel to the arab spring, in 2012, the us and the european union imposed the most comprehensive international sanctions programme yet seen against iran. How did the arab spring affect the kingdoms domestic situation. Pdf iran and arab spring wise men center for strategic. But when the prodemocracy agitation of the arab spring caught fire in 2011, sectarian tensions boiled over. The report iran, the shia crescent and the arab spring mainly focuses on these issues. The iranian government suppressed the protests and stopped the mass demonstrations in 2009, with only very minor flareups in 2010. To answer this question a comparative analysis is made of arab countries during the arab. The arab spring, seen from brazil the new york times. This permit shall be valid only for the location above and will expire december 31, 2020. Western governments and organisations have generally expressed more magnanimity toward the bahraini government, seen as a key ally of the european union and the united states and a bulwark against nearby iran, than they have toward other governments accused of violating the human rights of protesters during the arab spring.
In exchange iran has been able to offer what neither the west nor other regional powers could offer syria. The best test for iran to prove its goodwill would be its withdrawal from syria along with its lebanese hezbollah ally. Us wants isis sponsors to rebuild iraq new eastern outlook. The arab spring and its unintended effects in syria. It would be a shame if the cause of human rights were thus tainted by the colors of imperial reassertion. Iran and the arab spring tehran bureau frontline pbs. In addition, the article discusses how this issue affects relations among the aforementioned. The iranian leadership has gone so far as to tout the recent developments in the arab world as a victory for the islamic revolution of 1979, with egypt and tunisia walking in iran s proverbial. As for persepolis, the capital of the persian empire, alexander described it to the macedonians as their worst enemy among the cities of asia, and he gave it over to the soldiers.
The armed forces played a decisive role in many of the arab. Polyvocal, leaderless and using new styles of communication, the post arab spring voices do not seek power but seek to defy the state and push it to address the hitherto taboo topics such as. In many ways the outcome of the arab spring is still in flux three years on. From the beginnings of the arab spring to a message of tolerance from the papal visit to the uae, our region in pictures. May 21, 2017 the united arab emirates has also engaged in the battle for hearts and soulsand with the u. The small but wealthy gulf state of qatar is striving to adopt a leading role in the arab world, and has readjusted its foreign policy in the wake of the arab spring. This article examines qatars activist foreign policy role in the arab spring and probes whether such a role is sustainable in future in view of the constraints qatar faces at home, in the gulf.
This is a completely upgraded, expanded and fully illustrated new edition of my 2007 ebook with an added array of islamic apocalyptic prophecies matching those of nostradamus, rarely published in the west. Jul 28, 2014 what was the role of religion in the arab spring. Saudi arabia, sudan, bahrain, and djibouti sever diplomatic ties with iran. It is remarkably difficult to accurately explain the course of events in egypt, yemen, or libya without reference to saudi arabia, the united arab emirates, qatar, or iran.
A new arab spring is unfolding in iraq and lebanon. The arab spring was caused by a multitude of factors economic, political, social, cultural and religious, but its origins also lay in belief. It will be some time before the dust settles and the new political shape of the region is known. But the sheer complexity of conditions in syria means that the regimes endgame could trigger a transition unlike any other in the arab spring, different in both its domestic course and in its effects on the region. Saudi arabias invisible hand in the arab spring foreign. Meanwhile, it pointed the finger of blame for the riots at a foreign country, a thinly veiled reference to archrival iran. Irans role in the arab spring of libya iakovos alhadeff. Which features of society can explain the largescale protests in the arab spring. If syria is to rise from the ashes it needs a united arab world which has one thing on its agenda, not the falling of a dictator for we have seen many of those fall, but the reemergence of a prosperous arab nation, one that is not reliant on foreign aid but is selfsustained and set on its way to become powerful once again.
The question that guides the research in my thesis, then, is the following. Iran s leaders assert that the political structure of the middle east is heavily weighted in favor of the united states and its regional allies and against those. View enhanced pdf access article on wiley online library html view download pdf for offline viewing. The arab winter is a term for the resurgence of authoritarianism, absolute monarchies and islamic extremism evolving in the aftermath of the arab spring protests in arab countries. Jan 04, 2016 that has accelerated in recent years as the iraq war and the arab spring uprisings upturned the regional order and gave both nations new ways to extend their reach. Analysis of the arab spring 3 blunders in state response, in particular using a heavyhanded approach and trying to crush opposition, had the reverse effect of galvanising more people to join the protests icg, 2011b and 2011d.
Its hard to come up with a single act that would make the middle east burn more than it is burning right now, a former peace. Among the many issues that gave rise to the conflict was control of the shatt al arab waterway, a vital shipping route that links the euphrates and the tigris rivers with the persian gulf. The mythical alliance carnegie endowment for international. Red ring and geographically closest records of stygobiont gastropod species from sw caucasus 210. It turns out, iran has a pretty long history of unrest in order to put. May 29, 2018 the move prompts protests or condemnation from shiites in iran, iraq, bahrain, turkey, pakistan, india, lebanon, and yemen. The us found itself a bystander in the region during the arab spring, failing to anticipate it, but given its. Middle east and north african mena region news, resources. Demonstrators try to attack the saudi consulate in mashhad. Blue dots and from turkmenistan, kushka, shararab spring 11. Commenting on israels concerns, a senior iranian diplomat said, israels complaints about irans intentions in the golan heights are the definition of chutzpah.
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